Religion, Memory and Sense of Belonging: The Tradition of Memorization of the Qur’an in Turkey (1923–1950) examines the impact of the secular policies implemented in the early years of the Republic on the tradition of Qur’an memorization. During the single-party era between 1923 and 1950, the reorganization of educational institutions, the state’s control over religious practices, and the discourse of modernization directly affected the institution of memorization; hafizes faced various challeng ...